In 2017, Monica Rogati published the hierarchy of needs diagram in an article that showed where AI and machine learning (ML) sat in proximity to areas such as movement/storage, collection and infrastructure.

Below is that diagram with the red text added in that shows the job roles.

Monica Rogati argues that organizations need to build a solid foundation at the bottom three levels before they get into Artificial Intelligence and machine learning. The lower levels are the foundation. AI and ML depend on them.